Canadian Maternity and Pediatric Nursing

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO MATERNITY AND PEDIATRIC NURSING 3
CHAPTER 1 Perspectives on Maternal and Child Health Care 5
CHAPTER 2 Family-Centred Community-Based Care 55
UNIT 2 WOMEN’S HEALTH THROUGHOUT THE LIFE SPAN 87
CHAPTER 3 Anatomy and Physiology of the Reproductive System 89
CHAPTER 4 Common Reproductive Issues 107
CHAPTER 5 Sexually Transmitted Infections 167
CHAPTER 6 Disorders of the Breasts 203
CHAPTER 7 Benign Disorders of the Reproductive Tract 233
CHAPTER 8 Cancers of the Female Reproductive Tract 259
CHAPTER 9 Violence and Abuse 290
UNIT 3 PREGNANCY 323
CHAPTER 10 Fetal Development and Genetics 325
CHAPTER 11 Adaptations During Pregnancy 354
CHAPTER 12 Nursing Management During Pregnancy 387
UNIT 4 LABOUR AND BIRTH 445
CHAPTER 13 Labour and Birth Process 447
CHAPTER 14 Nursing Management During Labour and Birth 477
UNIT 5 POSTPARTUM PERIOD 527
CHAPTER 15 Postpartum Adaptations 529
CHAPTER 16 Nursing Management During the Postpartum Period 550
UNIT 6 THE NEWBORN 591
CHAPTER 17 Newbor n T ransitioning 593
CHAPTER 18 Nursing Management of the Newborn 616
UNIT 7 CHILDBEARING AT RISK 677
CHAPTER 19 Nursing Management of Pregnancy at Risk: Pregnancy-Related
Complications 679
CHAPTER 20 Nursing Management of the Pregnancy at Risk: Selected Health
Conditions and Vulnerable Populations 728
CHAPTER 21 Nursing Management of Labour and Birth at Risk 791
CHAPTER 22 Nursing Management of the Postpartum Client at Risk 834
UNIT 8 THE NEWBORN AT RISK 867
CHAPTER 23 Nursing Care of the Newborn With Special Needs 869
CHAPTER 24 Nursing Management of the Newborn at Risk: Acquired and
Congenital Newborn Conditions 902
Contents in Briefxx Contents in Brief
UNIT 9 HEALTH PROMOTION OF THE GROWING CHILD AND FAMILY 953
CHAPTER 25 Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant 955
CHAPTER 26 Growth and Development of the Toddler 992
CHAPTER 27 Growth and Development of the Preschooler 1022
CHAPTER 28 Growth and Development of the School-Age Child 1051
CHAPTER 29 Growth and Development of the Adolescent 1076
UNIT 10 FOUNDATIONS OF PEDIATRIC NURSING 1107
CHAPTER 30 Atraumatic Care of Children and Families 1109
CHAPTER 31 Health Promotion in the Community With Children and Families 1123
CHAPTER 32 Health Assessment of Children 1149
CHAPTER 33 Caring for Children in Diverse Settings 1192
CHAPTER 34 Caring for the Child With Special Health Care Needs (SHCN) 1231
CHAPTER 35 Medication Administration and Provision of Nutritional Support 1254
CHAPTER 36 Pain Management in Children 1289
UNIT 1 1 NURSING CARE OF THE CHILD WITH A HEALTH DISORDER 1329
CHAPTER 37 Nursing Care of the Child With an Infectious or Communicable Disorder 1331
CHAPTER 38 Nursing Care of the Child With a Neurologic Disorder 1378
CHAPTER 39 Nursing Care of the Child With an Alteration in Sensory Perception/Disorder of
the Eyes or Ears 1432
CHAPTER 40 Nursing Care of the Child With an Alteration in Gas Exchange/Respiratory
Disorder 1464
CHAPTER 41 Nursing Care of the Child With an Alteration in Perfusion/Cardiovascular
Disorder 1522
CHAPTER 42 Nursing Care of the Child With an Alteration in Bowel Elimination/
Gastrointestinal Disorder 1572
CHAPTER 43 Nursing Care of the Child With an Alteration in Urinary Elimination/
Genitourinary Disorder 1626
CHAPTER 44 Nursing Care of the Child With an Alteration in Mobility/Neuromuscular or
Musculoskeletal Disorder 1669
CHAPTER 45 Nursing Care of the Child With an Alteration in Tissue Integrity/
Integumentary Disorder 1735
CHAPTER 46 Nursing Care of the Child With an Alteration in Cellular Regulation/Hematologic
or Neoplastic Disorder 1771
CHAPTER 47 Nursing Care of the Child With an Alteration in Immunity or Immunologic
Disorder 1842
CHAPTER 48 Nursing Care of the Child With an Alteration in Metabolism/Endocrine
Disorder 1874
CHAPTER 49 Nursing Care of the Child With a Genetic Variation 1920
CHAPTER 50 Nursing Care of the Child With an Alteration in Behaviour, Cognition, or
Development 1950
CHAPTER 51 Nursing Care During a Pediatric Emergency 1977
Appendix A Standard Laboratory Values 2017
Appendix B Clinical Paths 2023
Appendix C Cervical Dilation Chart 2029
Appendix D Weight Conversion Charts 2031
Appendix E Breastfeeding and Medication Use 2035
Appendix F Blood Pressure Charts for Children and Adolescents 2039
Appendix G Select NANDA-I Nursing Diagnoses 2045
Index 2055About the Authors iii
Contributors to the Second Canadian Edition v
Reviewers to the Canadian Edition ix
Reviewers to the Third U.S. Edition xi
Preface xiii
UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO MATERNITY
AND PEDIATRIC NURSING 3
CHAPTER 1 Perspectives on Maternal and Child
Health Care 5
Introduction 6
Historical Development 6
The History of Maternal and Newborn
Health and Health Care 6
The History of Child Health and Child
Health Care 7
Evolution of Maternal and Newborn
Nursing 9
Evolution of Pediatric Nursing 10
Health Status of Women and Children 10
Mortality 10
Morbidity 13
Factors Affecting Maternal and Child
Health 14
Family 15
Genetics 23
Society 25
Global Society 27
Culture 30
Health Status and Lifestyle 33
Access to Health Care 37
Improvements in Diagnosis and
Treatments 38
Empowerment of Health Care
Consumers 38
Barriers to Health Care 38
Finances 38
Sociocultural Barriers 38
Health Care Delivery System Barriers 39
Legal and Ethical Issues in Perinatal and Child
Health Care 39
Abortion 39
Substance Abuse 40
Intrauterine Therapy 40
Maternal–Fetal Conflict 40
Stem Cell Research 40
Umbilical Cord Blood Banking 41
Informed Consent 42
Assent 43
Refusal of Medical Treatment 44
Advance Directives 44
Confidentiality 45
Implications for Nurses 45
CHAPTER 2 Family-Centred Community-Based Care 55
Introduction 56
Core Concepts of Maternal and Child Health
Nursing 56
Family-Centred Care 56
Evidence-Informed Care 57
Collaborative Care 57
Atraumatic Pediatric Care 58
Communication 58
Education 60
Discharge Planner and Case Manager 65
Client Advocate and Resource Manager 65
Preventative Care 65
Culturally Competent Nursing Care 67
Complementary and Alternative
Medicine 68
Community-Based Care 71
Community Health Nursing 71
Community-Based Nursing 71
Shift in Responsibilities From Hospital-
to Community-Based Nursing 72
Community-Based Nursing
Interventions 72
Community-Based Nursing Challenges 72
Community-Based Nursing Care Settings for
Women, Parents, and Children 75
UNIT 2 WOMEN’S HEALTH THROUGHOUT
THE LIFE SPAN 87
CHAPTER 3 Anatomy and Physiology of the Reproductive
System 89
Introduction 90
Female Reproductive Anatomy and
Physiology 90
External Female Reproductive Organs 90
Internal Female Reproductive Organs 91
Breasts 94
Female Sexual Response 95
The Female Reproductive Cycle 95
Ovarian Cycle 95
Endometrial (Uterine) Cycle 97
Menstruation 98
Menstrual Cycle Hormones 99
Perimenopause 99
Menopause 100
Male Reproductive Anatomy and
Physiology 100
External Male Reproductive Organs 100
Internal Male Reproductive Organs 101
Male Sexual Response 102
CHAPTER 4 Common Reproductive Issues 107
Introduction 108
Equitable Health Care for All 108
Contentsxxii Contents
Menstrual Disorders 108
Amenorrhea 108
Dysmenorrhea 111
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding 114
Premenstrual Syndrome 115
Endometriosis 118
Infertility 121
Cultural Considerations 121
Etiology and Risk Factors 122
Therapeutic Management 122
Nursing Assessment 123
Contraception 127
Types of Contraceptive Methods 127
Nursing Management of the Client Choosing
a Contraceptive Method 145
Nursing Assessment 146
Nursing Diagnoses 148
Nursing Interventions 148
ABORTION 150
Surgical Abortion 151
Medical Abortion 151
Menopausal Transition 152
Therapeutic Management 153
Nursing Assessment 157
Nursing Management 158
CHAPTER 5 Sexually Transmitted Infections 167
Introduction 168
Sexually Transmitted Infections and
Adolescents 168
Nursing Assessment 169
Nursing Management 169
Infections Characterized by Vaginal
Discharge 174
Genital/Vulvovaginal Candidiasis 175
Trichomoniasis 176
Bacterial Vaginosis 178
Infections Characterized by Cervicitis 178
Chlamydia 178
Gonorrhea 180
Nursing Management of Chlamydia and
Gonorrhea 180
Infections Characterized by Genital Ulcers 181
Genital Herpes Simplex 181
Syphilis 183
Nursing Management of Herpes and
Syphilis 184
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 185
Therapeutic Management 185
Nursing Assessment 185
Nursing Management 186
Vaccine-Preventable STIs 186
Human Papillomavirus 186
Hepatitis A and B 189
Hepatitis C 190
Ectoparasitic Infections 190
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 190
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and
Adolescents 191
Clinical Manifestations 191
Diagnosis 192
Therapeutic Management 192
Nursing Management 193
Preventing Sexually Transmitted
Infections 195
Behaviour Modification 196
Contraception 196
CHAPTER 6 Disorders of the Breasts 203
Introduction 204
Benign Breast Disorders 204
Fibrocystic Breast Changes 204
Fibroadenomas 207
Mastitis 208
Malignant Breast Disorder 209
Pathophysiology 210
Staging of Breast Cancer 210
Risk Factors 210
Diagnosis 213
Therapeutic Management 215
Breast Cancer Screening 225
Breast Self-Examination 225
Nutrition 226
CHAPTER 7 Benign Disorders of the Reproductive
Tract 233
Introduction 234
Pelvic Floor Disorders 234
Pelvic Organ Prolapse 234
Urinary Incontinence 240
Benign Growths 243
Polyps 243
Uterine Fibroids 244
Genital Fistulas 247
Bartholin Cysts 248
Ovarian Cysts 249
CHAPTER 8 Cancers of the Female Reproductive
Tract 259
Introduction 260
Ovarian Cancer 264
Pathophysiology 265
Screening and Diagnosis 266
Therapeutic Management 266
Nursing Assessment 267
Nursing Management 267
Endometrial Cancer 269
Pathophysiology 269
Screening and Diagnosis 270
Therapeutic Management 271
Nursing Assessment 271
Nursing Management 272
Cervical Cancer 272
Pathophysiology 273
Screening and Diagnosis 273
Therapeutic Management 274
Nursing Assessment 275
Nursing Management 278
Vaginal Cancer 279
Pathophysiology 279
Therapeutic Management 279
Nursing Assessment 279
Nursing Management 279Contents xxiii
Vulvar Cancer 279
Pathophysiology 280
Screening and Diagnosis 280
Therapeutic Management 281
Nursing Assessment 281
Nursing Management 281
CHAPTER 9 V iolence and Abuse 290
Introduction 291
Intimate Partner Violence 292
Incidence 292
Background 293
Characteristics of Intimate Partner
Violence 293
Types of Abuse 295
Myths and Facts About Intimate Partner
Violence 296
Abuse Profiles 296
Intimate Partner Violence During
Pregnancy 297
Violence Against Older Women 298
Nursing Management of Intimate Partner
Violence Survivors 299
Sexual Violence 305
Characteristics of Assailants 305
Sexual Abuse 305
Incest 306
Sexual Assault 307
Female Genital Cutting 310
Human Trafficking 312
Summary 313
UNIT 3 PREGNANCY 323
CHAPTER 10 Fetal Development and Genetics 325
Introduction 326
Fetal Development 326
Preembryonic Stage 326
Embryonic Stage 328
Fetal Stage 333
Fetal Circulation 333
Genetics 334
Advances in Genetics 336
Inheritance 337
Patterns of Inheritance for Genetic
Disorders 339
Chromosomal Abnormalities 342
Genetic Evaluation and Counselling 344
Nursing Roles and Responsibilities 346
CHAPTER 11 Adaptations During Pregnancy 354
Introduction 355
Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy 355
Subjective (Presumptive) Signs 355
Objective (Probable) Signs 356
Positive Signs 357
Physiologic Adaptations During
Pregnancy 357
Reproductive System Adaptations 357
General Body System Adaptations 359
Changing Nutritional Needs of Pregnancy 370
Nutritional Requirements During
Pregnancy 371
Gluten-Free Diet During Pregnancy 372
Maternal Weight Gain 375
Nutrition Promotion 376
Special Nutritional Considerations 376
Psychosocial Adaptations During
Pregnancy 378
Maternal Emotional Responses 378
Becoming a Mother 379
Pregnancy and Sexuality 379
Pregnancy and the Partner 380
Pregnancy and Siblings 381
CHAPTER 12 Nursing Management During
Pregnancy 387
Introduction 388
Preconception Care 388
Risk Factors for Adverse Pregnancy
Outcomes 389
Nursing Management 390
The First Prenatal Visit 392
Comprehensive Health History 393
Physical Examination 398
Laboratory Tests 401
Follow-Up Visits 402
Follow-Up Visit Intervals and
Assessments 402
Fundal Height Measurement 403
Fetal Movement Determination 403
Fetal Heart Rate Measurement 404
Teaching About the Danger Signs of
Pregnancy 404
Assessment of Fetal Well-Being 405
Ultrasonography 405
Doppler Flow Studies 406
Alpha-Fetoprotein Analysis 406
Marker Screening Tests 407
Nuchal Translucency Screening 408
Amniocentesis 408
Chorionic Villus Sampling 409
Nonstress Test 410
Biophysical Profile 411
Nursing Management for the Common
Discomforts of Pregnancy 412
First-Trimester Discomforts 413
Second-Trimester Discomforts 415
Third-Trimester Discomforts 417
Nursing Management to Promote
Self-Care 418
Personal Hygiene 419
Clothing 420
Exercise 420
Sleep and Rest 422
Sexual Activity and Sexuality 422
Employment 423
Travel 423
Immunizations and Medications 425
Nursing Management to Prepare the
Childbearing Person and their Partner for
Labour, Birth, and Parenthood 426
Childbirth Education Classes 427
Nursing Management and Childbirth
Education 428xxiv Contents
Options for Birth Settings and Care
Providers 429
Preparation for Infant Feeding 430
Final Preparation for Labour and
Birth 433
UNIT 4 LABOUR AND BIRTH 445
CHAPTER 13 Labour and Birth Process 447
Introduction 448
Initiation of Labour 448
Premonitory Signs of Labour 448
Cervical Changes 448
Lightening 448
Increased Energy Level 448
Bloody Show 449
Braxton Hicks Contractions 449
Spontaneous Rupture of Membranes 449
True Versus False Labour 449
Factors Affecting the Labour Process 450
Passageway 450
Passenger 453
Powers 459
Position (of the Labouring Person) 460
Psychological Response 461
Philosophy 462
Partners 462
Patience 463
Patient (Client) Preparation: Prenatal
Education 464
Pain Management 465
Physiologic Responses to Labour 465
Maternal Responses 465
Fetal Responses 465
Stages of Labour 466
First Stage 467
Second Stage 468
Third Stage 470
Fourth Stage 471
CHAPTER 14 Nursing Management During Labour
and Birth 477
Introduction 478
Assessment of the Client During Labour
and Birth 478
Vaginal Examination 478
Assessing Uterine Contractions 480
Performing Leopold Manoeuvres 480
Fetal Assessment During Labour and
Birth 482
Analysis of Amniotic Fluid 482
Analysis of the FHR 482
Other Fetal Assessment Methods 491
Promoting Comfort and Providing Pain
Management during Labour 491
Nonpharmacologic Measures 492
Pharmacologic Measures 498
Nursing Care During Labour and Birth 504
Nursing Management During the First Stage
of Labour 504
Nursing Management During the Second
Stage of Labour 511
Nursing Management During the Third
Stage of Labour 515
Nursing Management During the Fourth
Stage of Labour 516
UNIT 5 POSTPARTUM PERIOD 527
CHAPTER 15 P ostpar tum Adaptations 529
Introduction 530
Physiologic Adaptations 530
Reproductive System Adaptations 530
Cardiovascular System Adaptations 532
Urinary System Adaptations 534
Gastrointestinal System Adaptations 534
Musculoskeletal System Adaptations 535
Integumentary System Adaptations 535
Respiratory System Adaptations 535
Endocrine System Adaptations 535
Weight Loss After Childbirth 536
Cultural Considerations for the Postpartum
Period 540
Balance of Hot and Cold 540
Postpartum Cultural Beliefs 541
Psychological Adaptations 541
Parental Attachment Behaviours 541
Psychological Adaptations 541
Partner Psychological Adaptations 543
CHAPTER 16 Nursing Management During the
Postpartum Period 550
Introduction 551
Social Support and Cultural
Considerations 551
Nursing Assessment in the Postpartum
Period 552
Vital Signs Assessment 552
Physical Examination 554
Psychosocial Assessment 557
Nursing Interventions 560
Providing Culturally Sensitive Care 561
Promoting Comfort 562
Assisting With Elimination 564
Promoting Activity, Rest, and Exercise 565
Preventing Stress Incontinence 566
Assisting With Self-Care Measures 567
Ensuring Safety 567
Counselling About Sexuality and
Contraception 568
Promoting Nutrition 569
Supporting Informed Decision Making for
Infant Feeding 570
Teaching About Breast Care 573
Promoting Family Adjustment and
Well-Being 574
Preparing for Discharge 578
UNIT 6 THE NEWBORN 591
CHAPTER 17 Ne wbor n T r ansitioning 593
Introduction 594
Physiologic Transitioning 594
Cardiovascular System Adaptations 594
Respiratory System Adaptations 598Contents xxv
Body Temperature Regulation 599
Hepatic System Function 604
Gastrointestinal System Adaptations 605
Renal System Changes 606
Immune System Adaptations 607
Integumentary System Adaptations 608
Neurologic System Adaptations 608
Behavioural Adaptations 609
Behavioural Patterns 609
Behavioural Responses 610
CHAPTER 18 Nursing Management of the Newborn 616
Introduction 617
Nursing Care During the Immediate Newborn
Period 617
Assessment 617
Nursing Interventions 622
Nursing Management During the Early
Newborn Period 625
Assessment 625
Nursing Interventions 641
UNIT 7 CHILDBEARING AT RISK 677
CHAPTER 19 Nursing Management of Pregnancy at Risk:
Pregnancy-Related Complications 679
Introduction 680
Bleeding During Pregnancy 680
Spontaneous Abortion 681
Ectopic Pregnancy 684
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
(GTD) 688
Cervical Insufficiency 690
Placenta Previa 692
Abruptio Placentae 695
Placenta Accreta 698
Hyperemesis Gravidarum 699
Pathophysiology 699
Therapeutic Management 699
Nursing Assessment 700
Nursing Management 701
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy 702
Chronic Hypertension 702
Gestational Hypertension 702
Preeclampsia and Eclampsia 703
HELLP Syndrome 711
Pathophysiology 712
Therapeutic Management 712
Nursing Assessment 712
Nursing Management 712
Gestational Diabetes 712
Blood Incompatibility 713
Pathophysiology 713
Nursing Assessment 714
Nursing Management 714
Amniotic Fluid Imbalances 714
Polyhydramnios 714
Oligohydramnios 715
Multiple Gestation 716
Therapeutic Management 716
Nursing Assessment 717
Nursing Management 717
Premature Rupture of Membranes 717
Therapeutic Management 718
Nursing Assessment 718
Nursing Management 719
CHAPTER 20 Nursing Management of the Pregnancy
at Risk: Selected Health Conditions and
Vulnerable Populations 728
Introduction 729
Diabetes Mellitus 729
Pathophysiology 730
Screening 731
Therapeutic Management 732
Nursing Assessment 735
Nursing Management 736
Cardiovascular Disorders 739
Congenital and Acquired Heart
Disease 739
Hypertension in Pregnancy 744
Pre-Existing Hypertension 745
Respiratory Conditions 746
Asthma 746
Tuberculosis 749
Hematologic Conditions 750
Iron-Deficiency Anemia 750
Thalassemia 751
Sickle Cell Anemia 752
Autoimmune Disorders 753
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 753
Multiple Sclerosis 754
Rheumatoid Arthritis 755
Infections 755
Cytomegalovirus 756
Rubella 757
Herpes Simplex Virus 758
Hepatitis B Virus 759
Varicella Zoster Virus 760
Parvovirus B19 760
Group B Streptococcus 761
Toxoplasmosis 762
Clients Who Are HIV Positive 763
Vulnerable Populations 766
Pregnant Adolescent 767
Childbearing at Advanced Age 770
The Obese Pregnant Client 771
The Pregnant Client and Substance
Abuse 772
CHAPTER 21 Nursing Management of Labour and Birth
at Risk 791
Introduction 792
LGBTQ+ Families 792
Dystocia 792
Problems With the Powers 793
Problems With the Passenger 800
Problems With the Passage 802
Problems With the Psyche 802
Nursing Assessment 802
Preterm Labour 803
Therapeutic Management 804
Nursing Assessment 806
Nursing Management 808xxvi Contents
Postterm Pregnancy 810
Nursing Assessment 810
Nursing Management 810
Labour Induction and Augmentation 811
Therapeutic Management 812
Nursing Assessment 815
Nursing Management 815
Vaginal Birth After Caesarean 816
Intrauterine Fetal Demise 817
Nursing Assessment 818
Nursing Management 818
Clients Experiencing an Obstetric
Emergency 819
Umbilical Cord Prolapse 819
Placenta Praevia 820
Placental Abruption 821
Uterine Rupture 821
Amniotic Fluid Embolism 822
Clients Requiring Birth-Related
Procedures 823
Forceps- or Vacuum-Assisted Birth 823
Caesarean Birth 824
Amnioinfusion 826
CHAPTER 22 Nursing Management of the Postpartum
Client at Risk 834
Introduction 835
Postpartum Hemorrhage 835
Pathophysiology 835
Therapeutic Management 838
Nursing Assessment 838
Nursing Management 840
Venous Thromboembolic Conditions 844
Pathophysiology 844
Nursing Assessment 845
Nursing Management 845
Postpartum Infection 847
Metritis 847
Surgical Site Infections 847
Urinary Tract Infections 847
Mastitis 848
Postpartum Affective Disorders 852
Postpartum Blues 852
Postpartum Depression 853
Postpartum Psychosis 855
UNIT 8 THE NEWBORN AT RISK 867
CHAPTER 23 Nursing Care of the Newborn With Special
Needs 869
Introduction 870
Birth Weight Variations 870
Small-for-Gestational-Age Newborns 870
Large-for-Gestational-Age Newborns 872
Gestational Age Variations 876
Postterm Newborn 877
Preterm Newborn 878
Late Preterm Newborn (“NEAR TERM”) 891
Dealing With Perinatal Loss 892
CHAPTER 24 Nursing Management of the Newborn at
Risk: Acquired and Congenital Newborn
Conditions 902
Introduction 903
Acquired Disorders 903
Perinatal Asphyxia 903
Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn 905
Respiratory Distress Syndrome 906
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome 910
Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of
the Newborn 911
Periventricular–Intraventricular
Hemorrhage 912
Necrotizing Enterocolitis 913
Infants of Diabetic Mothers 915
Birth Trauma 919
Newborns Exposed to Perinatal Substance
Abuse 922
Hyperbilirubinemia 931
Neonatal Sepsis 936
Congenital Conditions 939
Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal
Fistula 940
Omphalocele and Gastroschisis 941
Anorectal Malformations 943
Bladder Exstrophy 944
UNIT 9 HEALTH PROMOTION OF
THE GROWING CHILD AND
FAMILY 953
CHAPTER 25 Growth and Development of the Newborn
and Infant 955
Physical Growth 956
Weight 957
Length 957
Head Circumference 957
Organ System Maturation 957
Neurologic System 957
Respiratory System 961
Cardiovascular System 961
Gastrointestinal System 961
Genitourinary System 962
Integumentary System 962
Hematopoietic System 963
Immunologic System 963
Psychosocial Development 964
Cognitive Development 964
Motor Skill Development 964
Gross Motor Skills 965
Fine Motor Skills 965
Sensory Development 968
Sight 968
Hearing 968
Smell and Taste 968
Touch 968
Communication and Language
Development 969Contents xxvii
Social and Emotional Development 969
Stranger Anxiety 969
Separation Anxiety 970
Temperament 970
Cultural Influences on Growth and
Development 970
Promoting Healthy Growth and
Development 971
Promoting Growth and Development
Through Play 972
Promoting Early Learning 972
Promoting Safety and Injury
Prevention 972
Promoting Nutrition 973
Promoting Healthy Sleep and Rest 979
Promoting Healthy Teeth and Gums 980
Promoting Secure Attachments and Setting
Boundaries 980
Addressing Child Care Needs 981
Addressing Common Developmental
Concerns 981
Colic 981
Spitting Up 981
Thumb Sucking, Pacifiers, and Security
Items 982
Teething 982
CHAPTER 26 Growth and Development of the
Toddler 992
Growth and Development Overview 993
Physical Growth 993
Organ System Maturation 993
Neurologic System 993
Respiratory System 993
Cardiovascular System 994
Gastrointestinal System 994
Genitourinary System 994
Musculoskeletal System 994
Psychosocial Development 994
Cognitive Development 994
Motor Skill Development 995
Gross Motor Skills 996
Fine Motor Skills 997
Sensory Development 997
Communication and Language
Development 997
Emotional and Social Development 999
Separation Anxiety 1000
Temperament 1000
Fears 1000
Moral and Spiritual Development 1000
Cultural Influences on Growth and
Development 1001
The Nurse’s Role in Toddler Growth and
Development 1001
Promoting Healthy Growth and
Development 1002
Promoting Growth and Development
Through Play 1002
Promoting Early Learning 1003
Promoting Safety 1004
Promoting Nutrition 1006
Promoting Healthy Sleep and Rest 1010
Promoting Healthy Teeth and Gums 1010
Promoting Appropriate Discipline 1011
Addressing Common Developmental
Concerns 1013
Toilet Teaching 1013
Negativism 1013
Temper Tantrums 1014
Thumb Sucking and Pacifiers 1014
Sibling Rivalry 1015
Regression 1015
CHAPTER 27 Growth and Development of the
Preschooler 1022
Physical Growth 1023
Organ System Maturation 1023
Psychosocial Development 1024
Cognitive Development 1024
Development of Body Image and
Awareness 1026
Moral and Spiritual Development 1026
Motor Skill Development 1026
Gross Motor Skills 1027
Fine Motor Skills 1027
Sensory Development 1027
Communication and Language
Development 1028
Emotional and Social Development 1029
Friendships 1029
Temperament 1030
Fears 1030
Cultural and Family Influences on Growth
and Development 1030
Promoting Healthy Growth and
Development 1031
Promoting Growth and Development
Through Play 1032
Promoting Early Learning 1034
Promoting Language Development 1034
Choosing a Preschool/Starting
Kindergarten 1035
Promoting Safety 1035
Promoting Nutrition 1037
Promoting Healthy Sleep and Rest 1039
Promoting Healthy Teeth and Gums 1040
Promoting Appropriate Discipline 1040
Addressing Common Developmental
Concerns 1041
Lying 1041
Sex Education 1041
Masturbation 1042
CHAPTER 28 Growth and Development of the School-Age
Child 1051
Introduction 1052
Physical Growth 1052
Organ Systems Maturation 1052
Neurologic System 1053
Respiratory System 1053
Cardiovascular System 1053
Gastrointestinal System 1053xxviii Contents
Genitourinary System 1053
Prepubescence 1053
Musculoskeletal System 1053
Immune System 1053
Psychosocial Development 1053
Cognitive Development 1054
Moral and Spiritual Development 1055
Motor Skill Development 1055
Gross Motor Skills 1055
Fine Motor Skills 1056
Sensory Development 1056
Communication and Language
Development 1056
Emotional and Social Development 1057
Temperament 1057
Self-Esteem Development 1057
Body Image 1057
School-Age Fears 1057
Peer Relationships 1057
Teacher and School Influences 1058
Family Influences 1058
Cultural Influences on Growth and
Development 1058
Promoting Healthy Growth and
Development 1059
Promoting Growth and Development
Through Play 1059
Promoting Learning 1060
Promoting Safety 1061
Abuse in Children 1063
Promoting Nutrition 1064
Promoting Healthy Sleep and Rest 1065
Promoting Healthy Teeth and Gums 1065
Promoting Appropriate Discipline 1066
Addressing Common Developmental
Concerns 1066
Television, Video Games, and the
Internet 1068
School Refusal 1068
Latchkey Children 1069
Stealing, Lying, and Cheating 1069
Bullying 1069
Tobacco and Alcohol Education 1070
CHAPTER 29 Growth and Development of the
Adolescent 1076
Introduction 1077
Physiologic Changes Associated With
Puberty 1077
Physical Growth 1078
Organ System Maturation 1079
Neurologic System 1079
Respiratory System 1079
Cardiovascular System 1079
Gastrointestinal System 1079
Musculoskeletal System 1079
Integumentary System 1079
Psychosocial Development 1079
Cognitive Development 1080
Moral and Spiritual Development 1081
Motor Skill Development 1081
Gross Motor Skills 1081
Fine Motor Skills 1082
Communication and Language
Development 1082
Emotional and Social Development 1082
Relationship With Parents 1082
Self-Concept and Body Image 1083
Importance of Peers 1083
Sexuality and Dating 1083
Cultural Influences on Growth and
Development 1084
Promoting Healthy Growth and
Development 1085
Promoting Growth and Development
Through Sports and Physical
Fitness 1086
Promoting Learning 1087
Promoting Safety 1087
Promoting Nutrition 1090
Promoting Healthy Sleep and Rest 1092
Promoting Healthy Teeth and Gums 1093
Promoting Personal Care 1093
Promoting Appropriate Discipline 1094
Promoting Proper Media Use 1094
Addressing Common Developmental
Concerns 1095
Violence 1095
Substance Use 1096
UNIT 10 FOUNDATIONS OF PEDIATRIC
NURSING 1107
CHAPTER 30 Atraumatic Care of Children and
Families 1109
Preventing/Minimizing Physical Stressors 1111
Minimizing Stress During Procedures 1111
Preventing or Minimizing Child and Family
Separation: Providing Child- and Family-
Centred Care 1113
Promoting A Sense of Control 1115
Enhancing Communication 1115
Teaching Children and Families 1117
CHAPTER 31 Health Promotion in the Community With
Children and Families 1123
Health in the Community With Children and
Families 1124
Primary Health Care 1124
Health Surveillance 1125
Health Promotion 1125
Partnerships 1126
Components of Health Care in the
Community 1130
Screening and Surveillance 1130
Screening Factors Influencing Children’s
Health 1130
Injury and Disease Prevention 1133
Injury Prevention 1133
Disease Prevention 1134
Health Promotion Activities 1139
School-Age Health 1139
Promoting Healthy Eating 1139Contents xxix
Promoting Physical Activity 1140
Promoting Mental Well-Being 1140
Promoting Oral Health Care 1141
Promoting Sun Safety 1141
Child Health Programs in the
Community 1141
CHAPTER 32 Health Assessment of Children 1149
Health History 1150
Preparing for the Health History 1150
Performing a Health History 1153
Physical Examination 1156
Preparing for the Physical
Examination 1156
Steps of the Physical Examination 1160
Performing a Physical Examination 1160
CHAPTER 33 Caring for Children in Diverse Settings 1192
Children’s Reactions to
Hospitalization 1194
Factors Affecting Children’s Reaction to
Hospitalization 1196
Family’s Reactions to the Child’s
Hospitalization 1198
The Nurse’s Role in Caring for the
Hospitalized Child 1200
Community Care in Childhood 1215
Community-Based Nursing Settings 1215
CHAPTER 34 Caring for the Child With Special Health
Care Needs (SHCN) 1231
Scope 1233
Impact of the Problem 1233
Effects of Special Needs on the Child 1234
Effects on the Family 1234
Nursing Care of the Child/Youth With SHCN
and Their Family 1236
The Dying Child 1244
Palliative and Hospice Care of the Dying
Child 1244
Nursing Management of the Dying
Child 1246
CHAPTER 35 Medication Administration and Provision
of Nutritional Support 1254
Medication Administration 1255
Differences in Pharmacodynamics and
Pharmacokinetics 1256
Developmental Issues and Concerns 1256
Determination of Correct Dose 1256
Oral Administration 1258
Sublingual Administration (SL) 1260
Rectal Administration 1260
Ophthalmic Administration 1260
Otic Administration 1262
Nasal Administration 1262
Intramuscular Administration 1263
Subcutaneous and Intradermal
Administration 1265
Intravenous Administration 1265
Providing Atraumatic Care 1266
Educating the Child and Parents 1267
Preventing Medication Errors 1268
Intravenous Therapy 1268
Sites 1269
Equipment 1269
Inserting Peripheral IV Access
Devices 1270
IV Fluid Administration 1272
Preventing Complications 1274
Discontinuing the IV Device 1274
Providing Nutritional Support 1275
Enteral Nutrition 1275
Parenteral Nutrition 1282
CHAPTER 36 Pain Management in Children 1289
Physiology of Pain 1290
Transduction 1290
Transmission 1290
Perception 1291
Modulation 1291
Types of Pain 1291
Classification by Duration 1292
Classification by Etiology 1292
Classification by Source or Location 1292
Factors Influencing Pain 1293
Age and Gender 1293
Cognitive Level 1293
Temperament 1293
Previous Pain Experiences 1293
Family and Culture 1293
Situational Factors 1294
Developmental Considerations 1294
Infants 1294
Toddlers 1295
Preschoolers 1295
School-Age Children 1295
Adolescents 1295
Common Fallacies and Myths About Pain
in Children 1296
Management of Pain 1305
Nonpharmacologic Management 1305
Pharmacologic Management 1309
Management of Procedure-Related
Pain 1316
Management of Chronic Pain 1317
UNIT 1 1 NURSING CARE OF THE CHILD
WITH A HEALTH DISORDER 1329
CHAPTER 37 Nursing Care of the Child With an Infectious
or Communicable Disorder 1331
Infectious Process 1332
Fever 1333
Stages of Infectious Disease 1334
Chain of Infection 1334
Preventing the Spread of Infection 1334
Variations in Pediatric Anatomy
and Physiology 1337
Common Medical Treatments 1337
Sepsis 1345
Bacterial Infections 1347
Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus 1347
Scarlet Fever 1348
Diphtheria 1349
Pertussis 1350xxx Contents
Tetanus 1350
Botulism 1351
Osteomyelitis 1352
Septic Arthritis 1353
Viral Infections 1354
Viral Exanthems 1354
Mumps 1355
Zoonotic Infections 1360
Rabies 1361
Lyme Disease 1363
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 1365
Parasitic and Helminthic Infection 1366
CHAPTER 38 Nursing Care of the Child With a Neurologic
Disorder 1378
Variations in Pediatric Anatomy and
Physiology 1379
Brain and Spinal Cord Development 1379
Nervous System 1379
Head Size 1379
Common Medical Treatments 1379
Seizure Disorders 1390
Epilepsy 1390
Nursing Management 1395
Febrile Seizures 1397
Neonatal Seizures 1397
Structural Defects 1398
Neural Tube Defects 1398
Microcephaly 1399
Chiari Malformation 1400
Hydrocephalus 1400
Intracranial Arteriovenous
Malformation 1403
Craniosynostosis 1404
Positional Plagiocephaly 1404
Infectious Disorders 1406
Bacterial Meningitis 1406
Aseptic Meningitis 1409
Encephalitis 1410
Reye Syndrome 1411
Leukodystrophy 1411
Trauma 1412
Head Trauma 1412
Nonaccidental Head Trauma 1416
Near-Drowning 1417
Blood Flow Disruption 1418
Cerebral Vascular Disorders (Stroke) 1418
Chronic Disorders 1419
Headaches 1419
CHAPTER 39 Nursing Care of the Child With an
Alteration in Sensory Perception/Disorder
of the Eyes or Ears 1432
Variations in Pediatric Anatomy and
Physiology 1433
Eyes 1433
Ears 1433
Common Medical Treatments 1434
Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders
of the Eyes 1437
Conjunctivitis 1437
Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction 1440
Eyelid Disorders 1441
Periorbital Cellulitis 1441
Eye Injuries 1442
Visual Disorders 1444
Refractive Errors 1444
Astigmatism 1445
Strabismus 1446
Amblyopia 1446
Nystagmus 1447
Infantile Glaucoma 1447
Congenital Cataract 1447
Retinopathy of Prematurity 1448
Visual Impairment 1448
Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders
of the Ears 1450
Acute Otitis Media 1450
Otitis Media With Effusion 1453
Otitis Externa 1454
Hearing Loss and Deafness 1455
CHAPTER 40 Nursing Care of the Child With an
Alteration in Gas Exchange/Respiratory
Disorder 1464
Variations in Pediatric Anatomy and
Physiology 1465
Nose 1465
Throat 1465
Trachea 1465
Lower Respiratory Structures 1466
Chest Wall 1466
Metabolic Rate and Oxygen Need 1467
Common Medical Treatments 1467
Acute Infectious Disorders 1476
Common Cold 1476
Sinusitis 1479
Influenza 1480
Pharyngitis 1480
Tonsillitis 1481
Infectious Mononucleosis 1482
Laryngitis 1483
Croup 1483
Epiglottitis 1484
Bronchiolitis 1484
Pneumonia 1487
Bronchitis 1489
Tuberculosis 1489
Acute Noninfectious Disorders 1490
Epistaxis 1490
Foreign Body Aspiration 1490
Respiratory Distress Syndrome 1491
Acute Respiratory Distress
Syndrome 1491
Pneumothorax 1492
Chronic Respiratory Disorders 1493
Allergic Rhinitis 1493
Asthma 1495
Chronic Lung Disease 1503
Cystic Fibrosis 1503
Apnea 1509
Tracheostomy 1510Contents xxxi
CHAPTER 41 Nursing Care of the Child With an
Alteration in Perfusion/Cardiovascular
Disorder 1522
Variations in Pediatric Anatomy and
Physiology 1523
Circulatory Changes From Gestation to
Birth 1523
Structural and Functional
Differences 1523
Common Medical Treatments 1524
Congenital Heart Disease 1534
Pathophysiology 1535
Disorders With Decreased Pulmonary
Blood Flow 1535
Disorders With Increased Pulmonary
Flow 1541
Obstructive Disorders 1544
Mixed Defects 1547
Nursing Management of the Child
With Congenital Heart Disease 1550
Acquired Cardiovascular Disorders 1554
Heart Failure 1554
Nursing Assessment 1554
Nursing Management 1556
Infective Endocarditis 1556
Nursing Assessment 1557
Nursing Management 1557
Acute Rheumatic Fever 1557
Nursing Assessment 1558
Cardiomyopathy 1558
Nursing Assessment 1559
Nursing Management 1559
Hypertension 1559
Pathophysiology 1559
Nursing Assessment 1559
Nursing Management 1560
Kawasaki Disease 1560
Pathophysiology 1561
Nursing Assessment 1561
Nursing Management 1561
Hyperlipidemia 1562
Pathophysiology 1562
Therapeutic Management 1562
Nursing Assessment 1562
Nursing Management 1563
Heart Transplantation 1563
Surgical Procedure and Postoperative
Therapeutic Management 1563
CHAPTER 42 Nursing Care of the Child With an Alteration
in Bowel Elimination/Gastrointestinal
Disorder 1572
Introduction 1573
Variations in Pediatric Anatomy and
Physiology 1573
Mouth 1573
Esophagus 1573
Stomach 1573
Intestines 1573
Biliary System 1573
Fluid Balance and Losses 1573
Common Medical Treatments 1574
Structural Anomalies of the Gastrointestinal
Tract 1582
Cleft Lip and Palate 1583
Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal
Fistula 1585
Anorectal Malformations 1586
Meckel Diverticulum 1586
Inguinal and Umbilical Hernias 1587
Acute Gastrointestinal Disorders 1588
Dehydration 1588
Vomiting 1590
Diarrhea 1591
Oral Candidiasis (Thrush) 1593
Oral Lesions 1594
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis 1595
Intussusception 1596
Malrotation and Volvulus 1597
Appendicitis 1597
Chronic Gastrointestinal Disorders 1599
Gastroesophageal Reflux 1599
Peptic Ulcer Disease 1602
Constipation and Encopresis 1603
Hirschsprung Disease (Congenital
Aganglionic Megacolon) 1605
Short Bowel Syndrome 1606
Inflammatory Bowel Disease 1607
Celiac Disease 1610
Functional Abdominal Pain 1611
Hepatobiliary Disorders 1612
Pancreatitis 1613
Gallbladder Disease 1613
Biliary Atresia 1614
Hepatitis 1615
Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension 1617
Liver Transplantation 1618
CHAPTER 43 Nursing Care of the Child With an Alteration
in Urinary Elimination/Genitourinary
Disorder 1626
Variations in Pediatric Anatomy and
Physiology 1627
Structural Differences 1627
Urinary Concentration 1627
Urine Output 1627
Reproductive Organ Maturity 1627
Common Medical Treatments 1627
Urinary Tract and Renal Disorders 1634
Structural Disorders 1635
Acquired Disorders Resulting in Altered
Renal Function 1645
Renal Failure 1649
Dialysis and Transplantation 1651
Renal Transplantation 1654
Reproductive Organ Disorders 1655
Female Disorders 1655
Male Disorders 1659
CHAPTER 44 Nursing Care of the Child With an
Alteration in Mobility/Neuromuscular or
Musculoskeletal Disorder 1669
Variations in Pediatric Anatomy and
Physiology 1670
Brain and Spinal Cord Development 1670xxxii Contents
Myelinization 1670
Muscular Development 1670
Skeletal Development 1671
Common Medical Treatments 1672
Casts 1672
Traction 1675
External Fixation 1676
Congenital and Developmental
Disorders 1688
Neural Tube Defects 1688
Pectus Excavatum 1691
Limb Deficiencies 1692
Polydactyly/Syndactyly 1693
Metatarsus Adductus 1693
Congenital Clubfoot 1694
Osteogenesis Imperfecta 1694
Developmental Dysplasia of the
Hip (DDH) 1696
Torticollis (Congenital Muscular
Torticollis [CMT]) 1699
Tibia Vara (Blount Disease) 1700
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) 1700
Muscular Dystrophy 1701
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) 1705
Cerebral Palsy 1707
Acquired Disorders 1711
Rickets 1711
Slipped Capital Femoral
Epiphysis (SCFE) 1712
Legg–Calvé–Perthes Disease 1713
Transient Synovitis of the Hip 1713
Scoliosis 1714
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) 1717
Fracture 1717
Sprains 1721
Overuse Syndromes 1722
Radial Head Subluxation 1723
CHAPTER 45 Nursing Care of the Child With an
Alteration in Tissue Integrity/Integumentary
Disorder 1735
Variations in Pediatric Anatomy and
Physiology 1736
Differences in the Skin Between Children
and Adults 1736
Common Medical Treatments 1736
Infectious Disorders 1740
Bacterial Infections 1740
Fungal Infections 1742
Inflammatory Skin Conditions 1744
Diaper Dermatitis 1745
Atopic Dermatitis 1745
Contact Dermatitis 1747
Erythema Multiforme 1748
Urticaria 1749
Seborrhea 1750
Psoriasis 1750
Acne 1751
Acne Neonatorum 1751
Acne Vulgaris 1751
Injuries 1753
Pressure Injuries 1753
Minor Injuries 1753
Burns 1754
Sunburn 1762
Cold Injury 1763
Human and Animal Bites 1763
Insect Stings and Spider Bites 1764
CHAPTER 46 Nursing Care of the Child With an Alteration
in Cellular Regulation/Hematologic or
Neoplastic Disorder 1771
Variations in Pediatric Anatomy and
Physiology 1773
Red Blood Cell Production 1773
Hemoglobin 1773
Iron 1773
Childhood Cancer Versus Adult Cancer 1773
Common Medical Treatments 1774
Chemotherapy 1782
Radiation Therapy 1782
Hematopoietic Stem Cell
Transplantation 1783
Caring for the Child With Cancer 1789
Providing Education 1789
Administering Chemotherapy 1790
Managing Adverse Effects of
Chemotherapy 1790
Monitoring the Child Receiving
Radiation Therapy 1792
Providing Care to the Child
Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell
Transplantation 1792
Promoting a Normal Life 1793
Promoting Growth 1793
Preventing and Treating Oncologic
Emergencies 1793
Caring for the Dying Child 1793
Anemia 1795
Iron-Deficiency Anemia 1795
Other Nutritional Causes of Anemia 1797
Lead Poisoning 1797
Aplastic Anemia 1798
Hemoglobinopathies 1799
Clotting Disorders 1807
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia
Purpura 1807
Henoch–Schönlein Purpura (HSP) 1809
Disseminated Intravascular
Coagulation 1809
Hemophilia 1810
Von Willebrand Disease 1812
Leukemia 1812
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 1813
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia 1815
Lymphomas 1816
Hodgkin Disease 1816
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 1817
Brain Tumours 1817
Neuroblastoma 1819
Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours 1821
Osteosarcoma 1821
Ewing Sarcoma 1821
Rhabdomyosarcoma 1822Contents xxxiii
Wilms Tumour 1823
Retinoblastoma 1825
Screening for Reproductive Cancers
in Adolescents 1826
Cervical Cancer 1826
Testicular Cancer 1826
CHAPTER 47 Nursing Care of the Child With an
Alteration in Immunity or Immunologic
Disorder 1842
Variations in Pediatric Anatomy and
Physiology 1843
Lymph System 1843
Phagocytosis 1843
Cellular Immunity 1844
Humoral Immunity 1844
Hypersensitivity Reactions 1844
Common Medical Treatments 1844
Primary Immunodeficiencies 1849
Hypogammaglobulinemia 1849
Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome 1851
Severe Combined Immune Deficiency 1852
Secondary Immunodeficiencies 1853
HIV Infection 1853
Autoimmune Disorders 1857
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 1857
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis 1858
Guillain–Barré Syndrome 1860
Myasthenia Gravis 1861
Dermatomyositis 1862
Allergy and Anaphylaxis 1862
Food Allergies 1863
Anaphylaxis 1864
Latex Allergy 1866
CHAPTER 48 Nursing Care of the Child With an Alteration
in Metabolism/Endocrine Disorder 1874
Variations in Anatomy and Physiology 1875
Hormone Production and Secretion 1875
Common Medical Treatments 1875
Pituitary Disorders 1884
Growth Hormone Deficiency 1884
Precocious Puberty 1887
Delayed Puberty 1888
Diabetes Insipidus 1888
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic
Hormone 1891
Disorders of Thyroid Function 1891
Congenital Hypothyroidism 1892
Acquired Hypothyroidism 1894
Hyperthyroidism 1894
Disorders Related to Parathyroid Gland
Function 1895
Disorders Related to Adrenal Gland
Function 1896
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia 1896
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 1900
Nursing Assessment 1900
Nursing Management 1900
Diabetes Mellitus 1900
Pathophysiology 1901
Therapeutic Management 1901
Nursing Assessment 1906
Nursing Management 1908
CHAPTER 49 Nursing Care of the Child With a
Genetic Variation 1920
Nurse’s Role and Responsibilities 1921
Common Medical Treatments 1921
Common Chromosomal Abnormalities 1924
Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) 1925
Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 13 1930
Turner Syndrome 1931
Klinefelter Syndrome 1932
Fragile X Syndrome 1933
Neurocutaneous Conditions 1934
Neurofibromatosis 1934
Osteogenesis Imperfecta 1936
Other Genetic Conditions 1936
Inborn Errors of Metabolism 1936
Nursing Assessment 1939
Nursing Management 1942
CHAPTER 50 Nursing Care of the Child With an
Alteration in Behaviour, Cognition,
or Development 1950
Effects of Mental Health Issues on Health
and Development 1951
Common Medical Treatments 1952
Developmental and Behavioural
Disorders 1956
Learning Disabilities 1956
Intellectual Disability 1957
Autism Spectrum Disorder 1958
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder 1960
PANDAs 1962
Diagnosis 1962
Nursing Assessment 1962
Therapeutic Management 1962
Nursing Management 1962
Tourette Syndrome 1962
Nursing Assessment 1962
Nursing Management 1962
Eating Disorders 1963
Nursing Assessment 1963
Nursing Management 1963
Mood Disorders 1964
Pathophysiology 1964
Therapeutic Management 1964
Anxiety Disorders 1965
Types of Anxiety Disorders 1966
Abuse and Violence 1967
Child Maltreatment 1967
Medical Child Abuse (Munchausen
Syndrome) 1969
Substance Abuse 1969
CHAPTER 51 Nursing Care During a Pediatric
Emergency 1977
Common Medical Treatments 1978
Nursing Management of Children in
Emergencies 1990
Respiratory Arrest 1990xxxiv Contents
Shock 1999
Cardiac Arrhythmias and Arrest 2003
Drowning (Submersion Injury) 2008
Poisoning 2009
Nursing Assessment 2009
Nursing Management 2010
Trauma 2010
Nursing Assessment 2010
Nursing Management 2011
Appendix A Standard Laboratory Values 2017
Appendix B Clinical Paths 2023
Appendix C Cervical Dilation Chart 2029
Appendix D Weight Conversion Charts 2031
Appendix E Breastfeeding and Medication Use 2035
Appendix F Blood Pressure Charts for Children
and Adolescents 2039
Appendix G Select NANDA-I Nursing Diagnoses 2045
Index 2055